2025 Realistic CCZT Dumps are Available for Instant Access [Q24-Q42]

Published date March 9, 2025

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2025 Realistic CCZT Dumps are Available for Instant Access

Download Exam CCZT Practice Test Questions with 100% Verified Answers

Cloud Security Alliance CCZT Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic	Details
Topic 1	Software Defined Perimeter: In this topic questions about benefits of software defined perimeter (SDP) for Zero trust, deployment Considerations for SDP, and use cases of SDP in Zero Trust.
Topic 2	Zero Trust Foundational Concepts: It covers the core principles of Zero Trust security.
Topic 3	NIST and CISA Best Practices: It focuses on recommendations from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) for implementing Zero Trust.
Topic 4	Zero Trust Planning: The topic of Zero Trust Planning discusses steps involved in planning a Zero Trust implementation.
Topic 5	Zero Trust Architecture: This topic delves into design principles of a Zero Trust network.

QUESTION 24
To ensure an acceptable user experience when implementing SDP, a
security architect should collaborate with IT to do what?

Plan to release SDP as part of a single major change or a “big-bang” implementation.

Model and plan the user experience, client software distribution,
and device onboarding processes.

Build the business case for SDP, based on cost modeling and
business value.

Advise IT stakeholders that the security team will fully manage all aspects of the SDP rollout.

To ensure an acceptable user experience when implementing SDP, a security architect should collaborate with IT to model and plan the user experience, client software distribution, and device onboarding processes. This is because SDP requires users to install and use client software to access the protected resources, and the user experience may vary depending on the device type, operating system, network conditions, and security policies. By modeling and planning the user experience, the security architect and IT can ensure that the SDP implementation is user-friendly, consistent, and secure.
References = Certificate of Competence in Zero Trust (CCZT) – Cloud Security Alliance, Zero Trust Training (ZTT) – Module 7: Network Infrastructure and SDP

QUESTION 25
Which vital ZTA component enhances network security and
simplifies management by creating boundaries between resources
in the same network zone?

Micro-segmentation

Session establishment or termination

Decision transmission

Authentication request/validation request (AR/VR)

Explanation
Micro-segmentation is a vital ZTA component that enhances network security and simplifies management by creating boundaries between resources in the same network zone. Micro-segmentation divides the network into smaller segments or zones based on the attributes and context of the resources, such as data sensitivity, application functionality, user roles, etc. Micro-segmentation helps to isolate and protect the resources from unauthorized access and lateral movement of attackers within the same network zone.
References = Certificate of Competence in Zero Trust (CCZT) – Cloud Security Alliance, Zero Trust Training (ZTT) – Module 6: Micro-segmentation

QUESTION 26
What steps should organizations take to strengthen access
requirements and protect their resources from unauthorized access
by potential cyber threats?

Understand and identify the data and assets that need to be
protected

Identify the relevant architecture capabilities and components that
could impact ZT

Implement user-based certificates for authentication

Update controls for assets impacted by ZT

Explanation
The first step that organizations should take to strengthen access requirements and protect their resources from unauthorized access by potential cyber threats is to understand and identify the data and assets that need to be protected. This step involves conducting a data and asset inventory and classification, which helps to determine the value, sensitivity, ownership, and location of the data and assets. By understanding and identifying the dataand assets that need to be protected, organizations can define the appropriate access policies and controls based on the Zero Trust principles of never trust, always verify, and assume breach.
References = Certificate of Competence in Zero Trust (CCZT) – Cloud Security Alliance, Zero Trust Training (ZTT) – Module 2: Data and Asset Classification

QUESTION 27
To validate the implementation of ZT and ZTA, rigorous testing is essential. This ensures that access controls are functioning correctly and effectively safeguarded against potential threats, while the intended service levels are delivered. Testing of ZT is therefore

creating an agile culture for rapid deployment of ZT

integrated in the overall cybersecurity program

providing evidence of continuous improvement

allowing direct user feedback

Rigorous testing of Zero Trust and Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) implementations is crucial for validating their effectiveness. This testing should be an integrated part of the overall cybersecurity program. By incorporating ZT testing into the broader cybersecurity efforts, organizations can ensure a cohesive and comprehensive approach to security that encompasses all aspects of their network and systems. This integration facilitates continuous improvement, adherence to best practices, and alignment with organizational security objectives, thereby ensuring that the ZT implementation is robust, effective, and capable of protecting against evolving threats.

QUESTION 28
Which approach to ZTA strongly emphasizes proper governance of
access privileges and entitlements for specific assets?

ZTA using device application sandboxing

ZTA using enhanced identity governance

ZTA using micro-segmentation

ZTA using network infrastructure and SDPs

ZTA using enhanced identity governance is an approach to ZTA that strongly emphasizes proper governance of access privileges and entitlements for specific assets. This approach focuses on managing the identity lifecycle, enforcing granular and dynamic policies, and auditing and monitoring access activities. ZTA using enhanced identity governance helps to ensure that only authorized and verified entities can access the protected assets based on the principle of least privilege and the context of the request.
References = Certificate of Competence in Zero Trust (CCZT) – Cloud Security Alliance, Zero Trust Training (ZTT) – Module 5: Enhanced Identity Governance

QUESTION 29
ZTA reduces management overhead by applying a consistent
access model throughout the environment for all assets. What can
be said about ZTA models in terms of access decisions?

The traffic of the access workflow must contain all the parameters
for the policy decision points.

The traffic of the access workflow must contain all the parameters
for the policy enforcement points.

Each access request is handled just-in-time by the policy decision
points.

Access revocation data will be passed from the policy decision points to the policy enforcement points.

ZTA models in terms of access decisions are based on the principle of “never trust, always verify”, which means that each access request is handled just-in-time by the policy decision points. The policy decision points are the components in a ZTA that evaluate the policies and the contextual data collected from various sources, such as the user identity, the device posture, the network location, the resource attributes, and the environmental factors, and then generate an access decision. The access decision is communicated to the policy enforcement points, which enforce the decision on the resource. This way, ZTA models apply a consistent access model throughout the environment for all assets, regardless of their location, type, or ownership.
References =
* Certificate of Competence in Zero Trust (CCZT) prepkit, page 14, section 2.2.2
* What Is Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA)? – F5, section “Policy Engine”
* Zero trust security model – Wikipedia, section “What Is Zero Trust Architecture?”
* Zero Trust Maturity Model | CISA, section “Zero trust security model”

QUESTION 30
SDP features, like multi-factor authentication (MFA), mutual
transport layer security (mTLS), and device fingerprinting, protect
against

phishing

certificate forgery

domain name system (DNS) poisoning

code injections

SDP features, like multi-factor authentication (MFA), mutual transport layer security (mTLS), and device fingerprinting, protect against phishing attacks by verifying the identity and authenticity of both the user and the device before granting access to a resource. Phishing attacks are attempts to trick users into revealing their credentials or other sensitive information by impersonating a legitimate entity or service1. SDP features can prevent phishing attacks by:
* MFA: MFA is a security mechanism that requires a user to provide more than one piece of evidence to prove their identity, such as a password, a one-time code, a biometric factor, or a physical token2. MFA can protect against phishing attacks by making it harder for attackers to access a resource even if they manage to obtain the user’s password or other credentials2.
* mTLS: mTLS is a security protocol that enables mutual authentication and encryption between two parties, such as a client and a server3. mTLS can protect against phishing attacks by ensuring that both the client and the server have valid and trusted certificates, and by preventing attackers from intercepting or modifying the communication between them3.
* Device fingerprinting: Device fingerprinting is a technique that identifies and verifies a device based on its unique characteristics, such as its operating system, browser, IP address, or hardware configuration4. Device fingerprinting can protect against phishing attacks by allowing only authorized devices to access a resource, and by detecting any anomalies or changes in the device’s attributes that may indicate a compromise4.
References =
* What is Phishing? | How to Identify & Prevent Phishing Attacks | Cloudflare
* What is Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)? | Cloudflare
* What is Mutual TLS (mTLS)? | Cloudflare
* What is Device Fingerprinting? | Cloudflare

QUESTION 31
SDP incorporates single-packet authorization (SPA). After
successful authentication and authorization, what does the client
usually do next? Select the best answer.

Generates an SPA packet and sends it to the initiating host.

Generates an SPA packet and sends it to the controller.

Generates an SPA packet and sends it to the accepting host.

Generates an SPA packet and sends it to the gateway.

In the context of a Software-Defined Perimeter (SDP) that incorporates Single Packet Authorization (SPA), after successful authentication and authorization, the client typically generates an SPA packet and sends it to the accepting host. This process involves the client creating a specially crafted packet that is designed to be recognized by the accepting host’s SDP gateway. Upon receiving and validating the SPA packet, the gateway allows the client to establish a connection to the designated services or resources. This mechanism ensures that only authorized clients can initiate connections, enhancing security by preventing unauthorized access.

QUESTION 32
What does device validation help establish in a ZT deployment?

Connection based on user

High-speed network connectivity

Trusted connection based on certificate-based keys

Unrestricted public access

Explanation
Device validation helps establish a trusted connection based on certificate-based keys in a ZT deployment.
Device validation is the process of verifying the identity and posture of the devices that request access to the protected resources. Device validation relies on the use of certificates, which are digital credentials that bind the device identity to a public key. Certificates are issued by a trusted authority and can be used to authenticate the device and encrypt the communication. Device validation helps to ensure that only healthy and compliant devices can access the resources, and that the connection is secure and confidential.
References =
Certificate of Competence in Zero Trust (CCZT) prepkit, page 15, section 2.2.3 Zero Trust and Windows device health – Windows Security, section “Device health attestation on Windows” Devices and zero trust | Google Cloud Blog, section “In a zero trust environment, every device has to earn trust in order to be granted access.”

QUESTION 33
In a ZTA, automation and orchestration can increase security by
using the following means:

Kubernetes and docker

Static application security testing (SAST) and dynamic application
security testing (DAST)

Data loss prevention (DLP) and cloud security access broker (CASB)

Infrastructure as code (laC) and identity lifecycle management

In a ZTA, automation and orchestration can increase security by using the following means:
* Infrastructure as code (laC): laC is a practice of managing and provisioning IT infrastructure through code, rather than manual processes or configuration tools1. laC can increase security by enabling consistent, repeatable, and scalable deployment of ZTA components, such as policies, gateways, firewalls, and micro-segments2. laC can also facilitate compliance, auditability, and change management, as well as reduce human errors and configuration drifts3.
* Identity lifecycle management: Identity lifecycle management is a process of managing the creation, modification, and deletion of user identities and their access rights throughout their lifecycle4. Identity lifecycle management can increase security by ensuring that users have the appropriate level of access to resources at any given time, based on the principle of least privilege5. Identity lifecycle management can also automate the provisioning and deprovisioning of user accounts, enforce strong authentication and authorization policies, and monitor and audit user activity and behavior6.
References =
* What is Infrastructure as Code? | Cloudflare
* Zero Trust Architecture: Infrastructure as Code
* Infrastructure as Code: Security Best Practices
* What is Identity Lifecycle Management? | One Identity
* Zero Trust Architecture: Identity and Access Management
* Identity Lifecycle Management: A Zero Trust Security Strategy

QUESTION 34
Which activity of the ZT implementation preparation phase ensures
the resiliency of the organization’s operations in the event of
disruption?

Change management process

Business continuity and disaster recovery

Visibility and analytics

Compliance

Business continuity and disaster recovery are the activities of the ZT implementation preparation phase that ensure the resiliency of the organization’s operations in the event of disruption. Business continuity refers to the process of maintaining or restoring the essential functions of the organization during and after a crisis, such as a natural disaster, a cyberattack, or a pandemic. Disaster recovery refers to the process of recovering the IT systems, data, and infrastructure that support the business continuity. ZT implementation requires planning and testing the business continuity and disaster recovery strategies and procedures, as well as aligning them with the ZT policies and controls.
References =
* Zero Trust Planning – Cloud Security Alliance, section “Monitor & Measure”
* Zero Trust architecture: a paradigm shift in cybersecurity – PwC, section “Continuous monitoring and improvement”
* Zero Trust Implementation, section “Outline Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) implementation steps”

QUESTION 35
What is one benefit of the protect surface in a ZTA for an
organization implementing controls?

Controls can be implemented at all ingress and egress points of the
network and minimize risk.

Controls can be implemented at the perimeter of the network and
minimize risk.

Controls can be moved away from the asset and minimize risk.

Controls can be moved closer to the asset and minimize risk.

The protect surface in a ZTA is the collection of sensitive data, assets, applications, and services (DAAS) that require protection from threats1. One benefit of the protect surface in a ZTA for an organization implementing controls is that it allows the controls to be moved closer to the asset and minimize risk. This means that instead of relying on a single perimeter or boundary to protect the entire network, ZTA enables granular and dynamic controls that are applied at or near the DAAS components, based on the principle of least privilege2. This reduces the attack surface and the potential impact of a breach, as well as improves the visibility and agility of the security posture3.
References =
* Zero Trust Architecture | NIST
* Zero Trust Architecture Explained: A Step-by-Step Approach – Comparitech
* What is Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA)? – CrowdStrike

QUESTION 36
ZTA reduces management overhead by applying a consistent
access model throughout the environment for all assets. What can
be said about ZTA models in terms of access decisions?

The traffic of the access workflow must contain all the parameters
for the policy decision points.

The traffic of the access workflow must contain all the parameters
for the policy enforcement points.

Each access request is handled just-in-time by the policy decision
points.

Access revocation data will be passed from the policy decision
points to the policy enforcement points.

Explanation
ZTA models in terms of access decisions are based on the principle of “never trust, always verify”, which means that each access request is handled just-in-time by the policy decision points. The policy decision points are the components in a ZTA that evaluate the policies and the contextual data collected from various sources, such as the user identity, the device posture, the network location, the resource attributes, and the environmental factors, and then generate an access decision. The access decision is communicated to the policy enforcement points, which enforce the decision on the resource. This way, ZTA models apply a consistent access model throughout the environment for all assets, regardless of their location, type, or ownership.
References =
Certificate of Competence in Zero Trust (CCZT) prepkit, page 14, section 2.2.2 What Is Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA)? – F5, section “Policy Engine” Zero trust security model – Wikipedia, section “What Is Zero Trust Architecture?” Zero Trust Maturity Model | CISA, section “Zero trust security model”

QUESTION 37
Of the following options, which risk/threat does SDP mitigate by
mandating micro-segmentation and implementing least privilege?

Identification and authentication failures

Injection

Security logging and monitoring failures

Broken access control

SDP mitigates the risk of broken access control by mandating micro-segmentation and implementing least privilege. Micro-segmentation divides the network into smaller, isolated segments that can prevent unauthorized access and contain lateral movement. Least privilege grants the minimum necessary access to users and devices for specific resources, while hiding all other assets from their view. This reduces the attack surface and prevents attackers from exploiting weak or misconfigured access controls

QUESTION 38
When planning for ZT implementation, who will determine valid
users, roles, and privileges for accessing data as part of data
governance?

Compliance officers

IT teams

Application owners

Asset owners

QUESTION 39
Scenario: An organization is conducting a gap analysis as a part of
its ZT planning. During which of the following steps will risk
appetite be defined?

Create a roadmap

Determine the target state

Determine the current state

Define requirements

During the gap analysis phase of Zero Trust (ZT) planning, risk appetite is typically defined when determining the target state. This step involves setting the desired security goals and objectives, taking into account the organization’s tolerance for risk. Defining the risk appetite helps in aligning the ZT initiatives with the organization’s broader risk management strategy, ensuring that the security measures are both effective and aligned with business objectives.

QUESTION 40
Scenario: An organization is conducting a gap analysis as a part of
its ZT planning. During which of the following steps will risk
appetite be defined?

Create a roadmap

Determine the target state

Determine the current state

Define requirements

Explanation
During the define requirements step of ZT planning, the organization will define its risk appetite, which is the amount and type of risk that it is willing to accept in pursuit of its objectives. Risk appetite reflects the organization’s risk culture, tolerance, and strategy, and guides the development of the ZT policies and controls. Risk appetite should be aligned with the business priorities and needs, and communicated clearly to the stakeholders.
References =
Certificate of Competence in Zero Trust (CCZT) prepkit, page 7, section 1.3 Risk Appetite Guidance Note – GOV.UK, section “Introduction” How to improve risk management using Zero Trust architecture | Microsoft Security Blog, section “Risk management is an ongoing activity”

QUESTION 41
Optimal compliance posture is mainly achieved through two key ZT
features:_____ and_____

(1) Principle of least privilege (2) Verifying remote access
connections

(1) Discovery (2) Mapping access controls and network assets

(1) Authentication (2) Authorization of all networked assets

(1) Never trusting (2) Reducing the attack surface

Optimal compliance posture in a Zero Trust environment is primarily achieved through rigorous authentication and authorization of all networked assets. Zero Trust operates on the principle of “never trust, always verify,” which necessitates robust authentication mechanisms to verify the identity of users and devices. Following authentication, authorization ensures that each authenticated entity has explicit permission to access only the resources necessary for its function, aligning with the principle of least privilege. These practices ensure a secure and compliant posture by minimizing the attack surface and reducing the risk of unauthorized access.

QUESTION 42
Scenario: A multinational org uses ZTA to enhance security. They
collaborate with third-party service providers for remote access to
specific resources. How can ZTA policies authenticate third-party
users and devices for accessing resources?

ZTA policies can implement robust encryption and secure access
controls to prevent access to services from stolen devices, ensuring
that only legitimate users can access mobile services.

ZTA policies should prioritize securing remote users through
technologies like virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) and corporate
cloud workstation resources to reduce the risk of lateral movement via
compromised access controls.

ZTA policies can be configured to authenticate third-party users
and their devices, determining the necessary access privileges for
resources while concealing all other assets to minimize the attack
surface.

ZTA policies should primarily educate users about secure practices
and promote strong authentication for services accessed via mobile
devices to prevent data compromise.

Explanation
ZTA is based on the principle of never trusting any user or device by default, regardless of their location or ownership. ZTA policies can use various methods to verify the identity and context of third-party users and devices, such as tokens, certificates, multifactor authentication, device posture assessment, etc. ZTA policies can also enforce granular and dynamic access policies that grant the minimum necessary privileges to third-party users and devices for accessing specific resources, while hiding all other assets from their view.
This reduces the attack surface and prevents unauthorized access and lateral movement within the network.

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